糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的研究热点与趋势分析

目的 探讨糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的研究现状、热点与前沿。方法 收集Web of Science核心合集于2000年1月1日至2021年11月20日发表的糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的相关文章，运用CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入英文文献148篇，近20年来该领域发文量呈上升趋势。美国发文量最多（46篇, 31.08%），机构间合作情况的可视化分析共得到个340节点、929条连线，网络密度为0.0161，作者间合作关系的知识图谱共得到790个节点、2425条连线，网络密度为0.0078，关键词共现分析结果显示，糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的危险因素、患病率、诊断和治疗是该领域的研究热点和趋势。结论 糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的发文量不断增加，机构间、区域内和国际范围内的合作有待进一步开展。立足国情，探索慢病共病的管理模式将有助于优化共病管理，进一步推动慢病管理的进程。     

肠杆菌目细菌产耐碳青霉烯酶的基因分型检测方法进展

碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌（CRE）已成为全球性的公共卫生问题。有文献报道由CRE引起的感染，尤其是血流感染，会导致患者死亡率较高，为临床治疗带来了极大的挑战。肠杆菌科细菌耐碳青霉烯类药物的主要机制是细菌产生了不同型别的耐碳青霉烯类水解酶。目前只有少数几种新型抗菌药物可以用于CRE的治疗如头孢他啶/阿维巴坦，但头孢他啶/阿维巴坦对持有金属β内酰胺酶的CRE没有活性，所以快速、准确地检测CRE菌株所产碳青霉烯酶种类，对临床合理选择抗菌药物至关重要。本文就目前检测肠杆菌科细菌耐碳青霉烯类药物的基因分型实验方法的优缺点进行总结分析。     

中医肿瘤领域症状评价现状、问题及对策

中医药在改善肿瘤复杂临床症状方面具有独特优势,但症状评价方法的不足严重制约了中医药发挥其优势.本研究在总结现有症状学评价方法的基础上,认为中医肿瘤领域症状评价主要存在以下问题:症状选择缺乏统一标准;症状评价缺乏具体实施规范;多症状量化方法缺乏科学依据;不同治疗阶段缺乏特异性量表;潜在症状指标难以走向临床应用等.针对上述问题,提出建立中医肿瘤症状评价标准与实施规范;深入探索症状群量化方法;重视中医PRO量表的后续考评及验证工作;开发阶段特异性症状量表;挖掘新的症状评价方法等,以期建立兼具科学性和中医诊疗特色的中医肿瘤症状学评价体系.     

中医药对淋巴管新生与回流功能的作用研究进展＊

淋巴管作为循环系统的重要组成部分之一，具有调节机体体液稳态，协助免疫监视和肠道脂质吸收等重要作用。淋巴管新生是机体生理和病理过程中维持脉管系统结构和功能正常的重要手段，淋巴管新生调控对于防治肿瘤、心血管等诸多疾病有着潜在的临床转化意义；淋巴回流功能则与关节炎症等疾病发病机制关系密切。在循环系统中，相较于中医药调控血管相关疾病的发病机制已取得很大进展，近年来对于淋巴管的研究则明显相对滞后。本文从中医药作用于淋巴管新生及回流功能角度对这一领域的研究进展作一综述，以期为临床上中医药治疗相关疾病提供新的思路与方法。     

Metabolic alterations in the visual pathway of retinitis pigmentosa rats: A longitudinal multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study with histopathological validation

Because retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has been shown to cause degenerative changes in the entire visual pathway, there is an urgent need to perform longitudinal assessments of RP-induced degeneration and identify imaging protocols to detect this degeneration as early as possible. In this study, we assessed a transgenic rat model of RP by using complementary noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques, namely, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS), to investigate the metabolic changes in RP. Our study demonstrated decreased concentrations and ratios to creatine (Cr) of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and taurine (Tau), whereas myo-inositol (Ins) and choline (Cho) were increased in the visual cortex of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats compared with control rats (p < 0.05). Furthermore, with the progression of RP, the concentrations of NAA, Glu, GABA, and Tau, and the ratios of GABA/Cr and Tau/Cr significantly decreased over time, whereas the concentrations of Ins and Cho and the ratio of Ins/Cr significantly increased over time (p < 0.05). In addition, in RCS rats, NAA/Cr decreased significantly from 3 to 4 months postnatal (p < 0.001), and Cho/Cr increased significantly from 4 to 5 months postnatal (p = 0.005). Meanwhile, the ¹H-MRS indicators in 5-month postnatal RCS rats could be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, with the progression of RP, the metabolic alterations in the visual cortex indicated progressive reprogramming with the decrease of neurons and axons, accompanied by the proliferation of gliocytes.     

彝药益元化腐汤浸膏对溃疡性结肠炎模型T细胞亚群干预机制研究*

目的研究彝药益元化腐汤调控T细胞亚群介导治疗溃疡性结肠炎的效应机制，为益元化腐汤临床应用治疗溃疡性结肠炎提供科学基础。方法 32只C57BL/6健康雌性小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、益元化腐汤中剂量（4.05 g·kg-1）和高剂量组（8.1 g·kg-1），每组8只。除正常组，其余以自由饮水的方式给予3%葡聚糖硫酸钠（sodium dextran sulfate，DSS）诱导建立溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型，每2 d更换1次饮用水，自饮用DSS第1天起，各组按相应剂量灌胃给药，每日1次，连续8 d；采用疾病活动指数（diseases activity index，DAI）和苏木精-伊红染色法（hematoxylin-eosin staining，HE）分别评价溃疡性结肠炎症状及结肠组织形态学变化；荧光定量PCR（qPCR）检测淋巴细胞T细胞亚群相关因子转录的相对表达水平；流式细胞术（flow cytometry）检测T细胞亚群中辅助性T细胞1（T-helper 1 cell, Th1）、辅助性T细胞17（T-helper 17 cell，Th17）和调节性T细胞（regulatory T cell，Treg）的表达水平。结果 与正常组比较，病理模型组小鼠体质量和结肠质量显著下降、结肠长度显著缩短（P<0.05或P<0.01）；与病理模型组比较，益元化腐汤组显著增加小鼠体质量、结肠质量及其长度（P<0.05或P<0.01），改善结肠病理损伤程度；流式细胞术检测结果显示，益元化腐汤药物干预显著下调γδTCR表达（P<0.05），且抑制Th1细胞（CD4+ IFN-γ+ T细胞）、Th17细胞（CD4+ IL-17+ T细胞）绝对数量和比例（P<0.01），然而对Treg细胞（CD4+ Foxp3+ 调节性T细胞）表达无明显影响。qPCR检测结果显示，益元化腐汤显著下调UC小鼠Th17细胞因子IL-17A和转录因子RORγτ mRNA表达（P<0.01）。结论 彝药益元化腐汤可能通过抑制Th17细胞诱导的炎症反应介导治疗溃疡性结肠炎。     

Identification and Validation of Six Autophagy-related Long Non-coding RNAs as Prognostic Signature in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly occurring tumour with poor prognosis. Autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received much attention as biomarkers for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. However, few studies have focused on their prognostic predictive value specifically in CRC. This research aimed to construct a robust autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic signature for CRC. Autophagy-related lncRNAs from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were screened using univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and the resulting key lncRNAs were used to establish a prognostic risk score model. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to detect the expression of several lncRNAs in cancer tissues from CRC patients and in normal tissues adjacent to the cancer tissues. A prognostic signature comprising lncRNAs {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC125603.2","term_id":"21630347","term_text":"AC125603.2"}}AC125603.2, LINC00909, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC016876.1","term_id":"6539320","term_text":"AC016876.1"}}AC016876.1, MIR210HG, AC009237.14, and LINC01063 was identified in patients with CRC. A graphical nomogram based on the autophagy-related lncRNA signature was developed to predict CRC patients'' 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival. Overall survival in patients with low risk scores was significantly better than in those with high risk scores (P < 0.0001); a similar result was obtained in an internal validation sample. The nomogram was shown to be suitable for clinical use and gave correct predictions. The 1- and 3-year values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.797 and 0.771 in the model sample, and 0.656 and 0.642 in the internal validation sample, respectively. The C-index values for the verification samples and training samples were 0.756 (95% CI = 0.668-0.762) and 0.715 (95% CI = 0.683-0.829), respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the six autophagy-related lncRNAs were greatly enriched in CRC-related signalling pathways, including p53 and VEGF signalling. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of lncRNAs in CRC was higher than that in adjacent tissues, consistent with the expression trends of lncRNAs in the CRC data set. In summary, we established a signature of six autophagy-related lncRNAs that could effectively guide clinical prediction of prognosis in patients with CRC. This lncRNA signature has significant clinical implications for improving the prediction of outcomes and, with further prospective validation, could be used to guide tailored therapy for CRC patients.     

Exploration of the relationship between tumor mutation burden and immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma

Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was correlated with the immunotherapeutic response in various malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the TMB immune signature in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD).Methods: Gene expression profile, mutation and clinical data of COAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The samples were divided into high and low TMB level groups to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichments analyzes were performed to identify the biological functions of the DEGs. Then, immune cell infiltration signatures were calculated by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to estimate the prognostic value of the identified immune-related genes.Results: Gene set enrichment analysis in the high-TMB level group showed that DEGS were enriched in immune-related pathways, such as antigen processing and presentation, Toll-like receptor signaling and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A higher infiltration level of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, activated NK cells , M1 Macrophages and T follicular helper cells was observed in the high-TMB level group. Furthermore, a Cox regression model combined with survival analysis based on the expression level of four identified prognostic genes was constructed, validated anf revealed that higher risk-score levels conferred poor survival outcomes in COAD patients.Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the high TMB levels are associated with an immune signature in COAD and deepen the molecular understanding of TMB function in tumor immunotherapy.     

孕期亲密伴侣暴力和孕晚期就寝-晨起规律与小于胎龄儿的关系

目的:探讨孕期亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)与小于胎龄儿(SGA)的关联,并分析孕晚期就寝-晨起规律在其关联中的作用。方法:从2015年3月-2019年6月在合肥市三家医院的产科门诊招募孕妇4908名,使用WHO多国妇女健康和家庭暴力研究小组总结而来的清单式问卷进行调查,并采用多元logistic回归模型进行分析。结果:孕期精神暴力、躯体暴力、性暴力和总IPV发生率分别为9.1%、1.4%、0.9%和9.7%,SGA发生率为7.1%。回归分析结果显示,孕期IPV与SGA正向关联(OR=1.59);分别按就寝时间和晨起时间分层,7∶00后起床、22∶00-23∶00和23∶00后就寝组的IPV与SGA正向关联(OR=2.85、2.18、1.98);按就寝-晨起规律分层,非早睡早起组的IPV和IPV组的非早睡早起与SGA正向关联(OR=2.15、3.32)。结论:孕期遭受IPV(尤其是精神暴力)会增加SGA的风险,而就寝-晨起规律会使IPV与SGA的关联在不同的规律下增强或减弱。